סקירת המלצות קצרה:
האחרונה: BMJ. 2014 Apr 1;348:
On the basis of the available evidence between vitamin Dconcentrations and birth weight, dental caries in children, maternal vitaminDconcentrations at term, and parathyroid hormone concentrations in patients with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis is probable, but further studies and better designed trials are needed to draw firmer conclusions. In contrast to previous reports, evidence does not support the argument thatvitaminDonly supplementation increases bone mineral density or reduces the risk of fractures or falls in older people.
Despite a few hundred systematic reviews and meta-analyses, highly convincing evidence of a clear role ofvitaminDdoes not exist for any outcome, but associations with a selection of outcomes are probable.
Ann Intern Med. 2010 Mar 2;152(5):315-23
Evidence from limited data suggests thatvitaminDsupplements at moderate to high doses may reduce CVD risk, whereas calcium supplements seem to have minimal cardiovascular effects. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of these supplements in CVD prevention
Ann Intern Med. 2011 Dec 20;155(12):827-38
Limited data from RCTs suggestedthat high-dose (1000 IU/d) vitaminDsupplementation can reduce the risk for total cancer, and data from observational studies suggested thathigher blood 25-hydroxyvitaminD 25-OH–Dconcentrations might be associated with increased risk for cancer. Mixed-effects dose-response meta-analyses showed that each 10-nmol/L increase in blood 25-(OH)Dconcentration was associated with a 6% (95% CI, 3% to 9%) reduced risk for colorectal cancer but no statistically significant dose-response relationships for prostate and breast cancer.One RCT showed adverse outcomes associated with supplementation, including increased risk for renal and urinary tract stones
והמסקנה:
CombinedvitaminDand calcium supplementation can reduce fracture risk, butthe effects may be smaller among community-dwelling older adults than among institutionalized elderly persons.Appropriate dose and dosing regimens, however, require further study. Evidence is not sufficiently robust to draw conclusions regarding the benefits or harms ofvitaminDsupplementation for the prevention of cancer
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(1):CD000227.
Uncertainty remains about the efficacy of regimens which includevitaminDor its analogues in fracture prevention. Particularly if co-supplementation of calcium is required.